Risk Classification

Mandatory 7-factor assessment determining Assurance Class

Overview

Risk classification is a mandatory step in the ARA certification process (Phase 2). An AVB conducts the assessment to determine the appropriate Assurance Class for the system being certified. The assessment evaluates 7 risk factors, each scored 1–5.

Risk Profile Visualization

Hover over any data point to see the factor name, score, and description. The example below shows a sample assessment resulting in Class B.

Autonomy ScopeConsequence SeverityDecision ReversibilityOperational EnvironmentData SensitivityScale of ImpactRegulatory ExposureB
Determined Class:Class B — Monitored

This sample profile scores 4 on Consequence Severity, Data Sensitivity, and Regulatory Exposure, triggering the “3+ factors at 4+” rule for minimum Class B. The average score of 3.29 alone would not mandate Class B, but the factor concentration rule applies.

The 7 Risk Factors

Each factor is independently scored from 1 (lowest risk) to 5 (highest risk) by the certifying AVB based on system documentation and operational context.

1

Autonomy Scope

Breadth of autonomous decision-making.

Low: narrow task automation (1)High: open-ended autonomous agents (5)
2

Consequence Severity

Potential impact of system failure.

Low: minor inconvenience (1)High: loss of life or critical infrastructure (5)
3

Decision Reversibility

Whether autonomous actions can be undone.

Low: easily reversible suggestions (1)High: irreversible physical actions (5)
4

Operational Environment

Complexity and unpredictability of deployment context.

Low: controlled lab environment (1)High: open-world with adversarial actors (5)
5

Data Sensitivity

Classification of data accessed and processed.

Low: public data only (1)High: classified/PII/financial data (5)
6

Scale of Impact

Number of people or systems affected.

Low: single user (1)High: population-scale (5)
7

Regulatory Exposure

Degree of regulatory oversight applicable.

Low: unregulated domain (1)High: heavily regulated (healthcare, finance, aviation) (5)

Class Determination Rules

The following rules are applied in order to determine the minimum Assurance Class. Organizations may voluntarily choose a higher class but may not select a lower one.

If any factor scores 5C
If average score > 3.5B
If any 3+ factors score 4+B
OtherwiseA

Voluntary upgrade: Organizations may voluntarily choose a higher Assurance Class than the one determined by the risk assessment. A higher class imposes stricter ongoing monitoring requirements but may be desirable for regulatory, reputational, or contractual reasons.

Assessment Process

The risk classification assessment follows a structured six-step process conducted during Phase 2 of the certification lifecycle.

1

Documentation Review

AVB reviews system documentation and operational context to understand the system scope, capabilities, and deployment environment.

2

Independent Scoring

Each of the 7 risk factors is scored independently with documented rationale explaining the assigned score.

3

Score Aggregation

Scores are aggregated using the determination rules to identify the minimum Assurance Class.

4

Class Recommendation

The AVB produces a recommended Assurance Class based on the aggregated scores and any additional risk considerations.

5

Organization Acceptance

The organization may accept the recommended class or request a higher class. The organization may not request a lower class.

6

Record Finalization

The final Assurance Class is recorded in the certification record along with the full scoring rationale.

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